Deliana-PBIB Journal Resume

Name : Deliana Mandasari

Class : PBI-B

NIM : 20230410046

Title if the article : Formulating Research Problem in Academic Writing: Indonesian Expert Author's Cognitive Experience. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 7(1), 215-233

Writer : Fahruz Zaman Fadhly

 

  The formulation of research problems is central to all scientific disciplines, as it defines the direction of a study and ensures its relevance. Research problems arise from identifying gaps in existing knowledge, which is essential for advancing science. A well-formulated research question guides the study’s objectives, methods, and outcomes. Good research questions should be challenging, focused, and researchable, encouraging critical thought. However, formulating research problems is often difficult, especially for novice researchers. This study emphasizes the importance of research problem formulation, highlighting how cognitive experiences differ based on disciplinary backgrounds. These experiences can inspire others, especially students and researchers, in formulating clear and focused research questions that drive meaningful scientific inquiry.

 

- Research Methodology : there is 4 method 

1. Research Design, This study used a grounded theory design to explore the cognitive processes in academic writing of three expert writers. Grounded theory helps develop a process-based explanation through organized data collection and theory development, following steps outlined by Creswell (2012).

2. Data and Data sources, There are two kinds of data, namely (a) primary data, in the form of interview results and article documents written by informants; and (b) secondary data, in the form of library research, by various relevant reading sources

3. Data Collection Techniques and Procedures, Data collection in this study involved interviews and article documents. Three informants from Indonesian universities were selected based on their publication productivity, accessibility, and knowledge diversity. Intensive, open-ended interviews were conducted to gather detailed insights into their cognitive processes, reflecting their thoughts, feelings, and actions, as recommended by Charmaz (2006).

4. Data Analysis Procedure, Grounded theory research uses constant comparative analysis, where data collection and analysis happen simultaneously (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). This process compares various data elements until the report is finished. The analysis follows three stages: open coding, axial coding, selective coding, and theory generation (Corbin & Strauss, 2008).

 

-Findings and Discussion 

1. Gap between Expectations and Reality, the importance of identifying research gaps when formulating research problems. It emphasizes that researchers should focus on unexplored areas and align their research questions with contemporary demands. DS, with a background in the sociology of education, highlights a structured approach: first identifying the problem, then narrowing it to a research question and goal. The choice of research method—whether basic, applied, or development research—should be closely tied to these formulations. DS also stresses the need for clear indicators and observations in the research process, advocating for minimal disruption in qualitative settings. Overall, the cognitive process of problem formulation is crucial for guiding research effectively.

2. Library research process with normative juridical approach, this research discuss about how the formulation of research problems is grounded in an intensive search for relevant literature, as experienced by FK. This process highlights the importance of exploring existing research to identify gaps and opportunities for new investigations. FK shares an example of improving the electronic properties of carbon nano, describing her search for methods and discussions with her professor, which led to the identification of simpler experimental approaches.

3. Norms Testing and case Studies

4. Mapping global issue structure

5. Data Replication

 

  The informants' experiences in defining research problems were shaped by their disciplines and the need to review existing literature to identify research gaps. Research questions, closely linked to research objectives, guide the study. However, novice researchers often struggle with formulating these questions due to limited literature review. This study offers valuable insights into how expert researchers identify gaps and formulate research questions, providing significant guidance for novice researchers.

 

Source : https://ijeltal.org/index.php/ijeltal/article/view/1262