Name : Deliana Mandasari Class : PBI-B NIM : 20230410046 Title if the article : Formulating Research Problem in Academic Writing: Indonesian Expert Author's Cognitive Experience. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 7(1), 215-233 Writer : Fahruz Zaman Fadhly T he formulation of research problems is central to all scientific disciplines, as it defines the direction of a study and ensures its relevance. Research problems arise from identifying gaps in existing knowledge, which is essential for advancing science. A well-formulated research question guides the study ’ s objectives, methods, and outcomes. Good research questions should be challenging, focused, and researchable, encouraging critical thought. However, formulating research problems is often difficult, especially for novice researchers. This study emphasizes the importance of research problem formulation, highlighting how cognitive experiences differ based on discipli...